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KMID : 0311219740050010072
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Yonsei Reports on Tropical Medicine
1974 Volume.5 No. 1 p.72 ~ p.99
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Studies on Filariasis in Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China
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Fan, P.C.
Wang, Y.C./Liu, J.C./Lo, H.S./Hsu, Y.P./Yen, C.H./Lin, C.C.
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Abstract
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The present investigation is a serial study on "Filariasis in Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands", which was performed from July 1, 1972 to June 30, 1973.
The results are summarized as follows;
1. Parasitological investigation: Of 20, 018 Kinmen Chinese in 55 villages examined, the microfilariae (mf.) rate of 8. 8%, mf. density of 16.2 per 20 cmm blood and clinical rate 19. 2% were found; the corresponding figures for a total of 2, 428 military personnel were 0.1%, 29.3 and 0.0% respectively. The mf. density and clinical rate were obviously higher in the males than in the females, but no difference was found for the microfilarial rate. The mf. rate and clinical rate were correspondingly increased with age, but there was no difference in mf. density.
2. Transmission of filariasis: It seems no any relation to the length of stationing of the Chinese troops on Kinmen Islands, and also no relation to the distance between the villages and camps; because the servicemen are well protected from the mosquito bites and the camps are completely isolated, to and off limit to the villagers, though they have common places of entertainment.
3. Clinical investigation: Of 1, 470 filarial carriers in 51 villages examined physically, the clinical rate of 19.2% was detected. It was about 5 times higher in males than in females. In the males, most of the cases the. trouble in their reproductive organs, and 10% had elephantiasis; but in the females, the lymph nodes enlargement and chyluria were more common, only 2 cases had elephantiasis. The clinical rates increased corresponding with age.
4. Entomological investigation: Fourteen(14) species of 4 genera (10 Culex, 2 Aedes, 1 Anopheles and 1 Armigeres) of household mosquitoes were collected from indoor resting sites of 43 villages on Kinmen Islands, in which, Culex p. fatigans and Armigeres subalbatus were the most common species, but the remaining 12 species ,are faily rare. Four (4) new species: Culex mimeticus, C. (L) vorax, C. fucocephala and Aedes nocturnus were found for the first time. Culex p. fatigans is still the only vector in transmission of bancrofti.an filariasis. The infection rate of 1L 9%, infective rate of 10. 5% and 5. 9 filarial larvae per infected mosquito were detected in 438 Culex p. fatigans from 8 villages before treatment. The corresponding figures were much lower in the above same villages after treatment (2.2%, 0.09% and 2.1). Eleven (11) species of mosquito larvae were collected from 8 kinds of breeding sites; where, the pH value of 7. 4(ranged 6.4e -8. 0) was measured. "Sumithion" is one of the organophosphorous compounds, which was first used on the water surface with the dosage of 0. 2 gm per square meter. A high insecticidal effect against different species of mosquito larvae was observed.
5. Chemotherapy of filariasis: Of 1, 590 filarial carriers scheme, with a total dose of 5 gm of diethylcarbamazine per adult case for a period of 10^12 days schedule was performed. The cure rate of 80.6%, mf. reduction rate of 96.9% and reaction rate of 67.2% were found. Although many kinds of side effects were encountered, they were usually mild or transient and could be tolerated by the patients, thus there was almost no refused to the administration of the drug even if the drug was increased to the maximum dosage.. The natural infection rate, infective rate and filarial larval density of Culex p. fatigans in 8 villages were found much higher before control measure (11. 9%, 10. 5% and 5. 9%) than after control (2. 2%, 0.09% and 2. 1). It showed that diethylcarbamazine is a powerful microfilaricidal drug in eliminating the filarial infection and reducing this transmission.
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KEYWORD
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