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KMID : 0368120210510040336
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Korean Circulation Journal
2021 Volume.51 No. 4 p.336 ~ p.348
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Effects of Smoking on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Lung Cancer in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
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Lee Su-Nam
Choi Ik-Jun
Lim Sung-Min
Choo Eun-Ho
Hwang Byung-Hee
Kim Chan-Joon
Park Mahn-Won
Lee Jong-Min
Park Chul-Soo
Kim Hee-Yeol
Yoo Ki-Dong
Jeon Doo-Soo
Youn Ho-Joong
Chung Wook-Sung
Kim Min-Chul
Jeong Myung-Ho
Ahn Young-Keun
Chang Ki-Yuk
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Abstract
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Background and Objectives: Smoking is well-established as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. However, recent studies demonstrated favorable results, including reduced mortality, among smokers, which are referred to as the “smoker's paradox”. This study examined the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: Patients with AMI undergoing PCI between 2004 and 2014 were enrolled and classified according to smoking status. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization.
Results: Among the 10,683 patients, 4,352 (40.7%) were current smokers. Smokers were 10.7 years younger and less likely to have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and prior PCI. Smokers had less MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.594?0.698; p<0.001) and cardiac death (HR, 0.494; 95% CI, 0.443?0.551; p<0.001) compared to nonsmokers during the 5 years in an unadjusted model. However, after propensity-score matching, smokers showed higher risk of MACE (HR, 1.125; 95% CI, 1.009?1.254; p=0.034) and cardiac death (HR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.026?1.381; p=0.022). Smoking was a strong independent predictor of lung cancer (propensity-score matched HR, 2.749; 95% CI, 1.416?5.338; p=0.003).
Conclusions: In contrast to the unadjusted model, smoking is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome and higher incidence of lung cancer after adjustment of various confounding factors. This result can be explained by the characteristics of smokers, which were young and had fewer comorbidities.
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KEYWORD
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Smoking, Myocardial infarction, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Lung cancer
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