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KMID : 0425120160540040399
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Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
2016 Volume.54 No. 4 p.399 ~ p.405
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Impact of Irrigation Extension on Malaria Transmission in Simret, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Chung Bon-Hee
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Abstract
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Poor subsistence farmers who live in a semi-arid area of northern Ethiopia build irrigation systems to overcome water shortages. However, there is a high risk of malaria transmission when increased standing water provides more favorable habitats for mosquito breeding. This is a serious problem because there are many barriers to malaria control measures and health care systems in the area. Using a causal loop diagram and computer simulations, the author attempted to visually illustrate positive and negative feedbacks between mosquito and human populations in the context of Simret, which is a small village located in northern Ethiopia and is generally considered a malaria-free area. The simulation results show that the number of infectious mosquitos increases to 17,215 at its peak, accounting for 3.5% of potentially dangerous mosquitos. At the same time, the number of sick people increases to 574 at its peak, accounting for 15% of local population. The malaria outbreak is controlled largely because of a fixed number of vulnerable people or local population that acts as an intermediate host.
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KEYWORD
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Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, malaria, irrigation extension, feedback, Ethiopia
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