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KMID : 0578320230460010048
Molecules and Cells
2023 Volume.46 No. 1 p.48 ~ p.56
3¡¯UTR Diversity: Expanding Repertoire of RNA Alterations in Human mRNAs
Hong Da-Won

Jeong Sun-Joo
Abstract
Genomic information stored in the DNA is transcribed to the mRNA and translated to proteins. The 3¡Ç untranslated regions (3¡ÇUTRs) of the mRNA serve pivotal roles in posttranscriptional gene expression, regulating mRNA stability, translation, and localization. Similar to DNA mutations producing aberrant proteins, RNA alterations expand the transcriptome landscape and change the cellular proteome. Recent global analyses reveal that many genes express various forms of altered RNAs, including 3¡ÇUTR length variants. Alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing are involved in diversifying 3¡ÇUTRs, which could act as a hidden layer of eukaryotic gene expression control. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulations of 3¡ÇUTRs and elaborate on the generation and functional consequences of 3¡ÇUTR diversity. Given that dynamic 3¡ÇUTR length control contributes to phenotypic complexity, dysregulated 3¡ÇUTR diversity might be relevant to disease development, including cancers. Thus, 3¡ÇUTR diversity in cancer could open exciting new research areas and provide avenues for novel cancer theragnostics.
KEYWORD
3¡ÇUTR diversity, alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, cancer, RNA alterations, transcriptome
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