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KMID : 0880420080090030258
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Korean Journal of Radiology
2008 Volume.9 No. 3 p.258 ~ p.267
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Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations with a Dominant Outflow Vein: Results of Ethanol Embolization
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Cho Sung-Ki
Do Young-Soo
Kim Dong-Ik
Kim Young-Wook
Shin Sung-Wook
Park Kwang-Bo
Ko Justin-Sang
Lee Ae-Ryoung
Choo Sung-Wook
Choo In-Wook
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Abstract
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Objective : To assess retrospectively the treatment results of ethanol embolization of peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a dominant outflow vein (DOV).
Materials and Methods : Nineteen patients who had peripheral AVMs with a DOV were enrolled in this study (mean age, 29.7 years; range, 15-42 years). Fifty-one ethanol embolizations (mean, 2.7; range, 1-8) were performed by direct puncture (n = 29), the transarterial approach (n = 13), the transvenous approach (n = 5), or a combination of methods (n = 4) under general anesthesia. Coil and/or core-removed guide wire embolization of the DOV or another flow occlusion technique (i.e., use of an external pneumatic pressure cuff) to achieve vascular stasis were required in all patients during ethanol embolization. Clinical follow-up (mean, 22.2 months; range, 1-53 months) was performed for all patients, and imaging follow-up (mean, 22.1 months; range, 2-53 months) from the last treatment session was performed for 14 patients. The therapeutic outcome (cure, improvement, no change, or aggravation) was assessed according to the clinical response and the degree of devascularization at angiography.
Results : Ethanol embolization was considered as an effective procedure in all patients. Thirteen (68%) of 19 patients were cured and six displayed improvement. Three of six patients with improvement needed further treatment sessions for residual AVMs. Four patients (21%) experienced a total of eight complications. Five complications (three events of a distal embolism and one event each of a urinary bladder necrosis and a brain infarct related to the accidental cannulation of the common carotid artery during insertion of the Swan-Ganz catheter) were major and three complications (skin necrosis) were minor.
Conclusion : Peripheral AVMs with a DOV can be effectively treated with a high cure rate by the use of ethanol embolization alone or in conjunction with the use of coil and/or core-removed guide wire embolization.
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KEYWORD
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Arteriovenous malformations, extremities, Arteriovenous malformations, pelvic, Arteriovenous malformations, therapeutic embolization
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