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KMID : 1034820120080020127
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Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
2012 Volume.8 No. 2 p.127 ~ p.137
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Gene expression in zebrafish embryos following exposure to Cu-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 nanometer-sized photocatalysts
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Yeo Min-Kyeong
Park Hyung-Geun
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Abstract
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We investigated the comparative effects of Cu 15 mol % doped TiO2 (anatase crystal phase, 20 ppt) nanoparticles and pure TiO2 (anatase crystal phase, 20 ppt) nanoparticles on cellular toxicity, penetration, and gene expression in zebrafish embryogenesis. HRTEM analysis observed that pure TiO2 particles were in the form of small balls (<10 nm), while Cu-doped (15 mol %) TiO2 particles were large (20?70 nm) squares and balls. Both Cu/TiO2 and pure TiO2 nanoparticles penetrated into cells. Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles penetrated into the yolk sac epithelial cells of zebrafish larvae as aggregated particles. Mitochondria in embryos exposed to Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles were damaged and did not contain cristae. In microarray analysis, several genes involved in apoptosis and endocytosis regulation were differentially expressed according to nanoparticle type. Bcl2 gene expression was significantly upregulated in embryos exposed to both Cu/TiO2 and pure TiO2 in comparison to the control group. Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles caused more damage than pure TiO2 nanoparticles and resulted in apoptosis during zebrafish development.
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KEYWORD
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Nanometer-sized TiO2, Cu doped TiO2, Gene expression, Regulation endocytosis
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