|
KMID : 1034820180140030255
|
|
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
2018 Volume.14 No. 3 p.255 ~ p.261
|
|
|
Humanized model mice by genome editing and engraftment technologies
|
|
Kim Yong-Sam
Ko Jeong-Heon
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
Purpose of review: In drug development, non-clinical studies are performed to evaluate the feasibility, iterative testing and safety of a drug. To harness this process, small animal models which are inexpensive, and easy to breed and maintain such as mice and rats are preferred for non-clinical studies. However, humans and these animals share a large portion of genetic makeup, but genetic and physiological gaps are unavoidable. Efforts to address this innate difference between humans and animals have been made by establishing a so called ‘humanized’ mouse. In this review, we summarize the scope of the ‘humanization’ with genome editing technology as well as with cell/ tissue engraftment.
Recent findings: A specifically targeted genetic manipulation became feasible by the development genome editing technologies including zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology. A humanized animal model can also be generated by engraft human cells or tissues into the corresponding sites of animals. If these two approaches are combined in a synergistic manner, a ‘humanized mouse’ would be better used for non-clinical study in various experimental and clinical realms.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
Humanized animal model, Genome editing, Engraftment, CRISPR
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|
|