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KMID : 1034820230190020303
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Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
2023 Volume.19 No. 2 p.303 ~ p.310
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Effects of Agarum clathratum extract on cell death and calcium ion levels of ovarian cancer cell
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Kim Li-Hyun
Hong Tae-Yeon
Ham Ji-Yeon
Kim Ki-Hyun
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Abstract
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Background : In recent years, marine algae are receiving attention due to their health benefits such as anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Agarum clathratum is also known as sieve kelp. As a type of brown algae, it grows on rocks across northwest Pacific to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. A few studies have reported that Agarum clathratum possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, unlike other marine algae such as Laminaria japonica or Undaria pinnatifida, therapeutic effects of Agarum clathratum have not been extensively studied yet.
Objectives : Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate inhibitory effects of Agarum clathratum on viability of epithelial ovarian cancer ES2 and OV90 cells in vitro.
Results : Agarum clathratum extract (ACE) suppressed the viability of ES2 and OV90 epithelial ovarian cancer cells. In addition, ACE disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in both ES2 and OV90 cells. Moreover, in ACE-treated ES2 cells, intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ were accumulated. In contrast, the level of Ca2+ in the cytosol was slightly decreased. Mitochondrial Ca2+ levels showed no significant changes after ACE treatment. Regarding changes in PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, results showed reduction in phosphorylation of AKT and S6 proteins after ACE treatment, indicating that ACE could inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK proteins was also decreased after ACE treatment. In contrast, the phosphorylation of JNK and the cytochrome c release were increased by ACE treatment.
Conclusion : Taken together, our findings suggest that ACE might possess anti-cancer effects on epithelial ovarian cancer.
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KEYWORD
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Agarum clathratum extract, Mitochondria, Cell death, Calcium regulation, Signaling
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