KMID : 1035520230110030173
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Brain Tumor Research and Treatment 2023 Volume.11 No. 3 p.173 ~ p.176
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Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor: Is It Benign or Malignant?
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Lee Chae-Heuck
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Abstract
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The World Health Organization (WHO) updated the classification of pituitary tumors in 2022. The new classification presents detailed histological subtyping of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) based on the tumor cell lineage, cell type, and related characteristics. The immunohistochemistry for pituitary transcription factors (PIT1, TPIT, SF1, GATA3, and ER¥á) is routinely needed in this classification. The controversy regarding the change of behavior code of all PitNET/pituitary adenoma from ¡°0¡± for benign tumors to ¡°3¡± for primary malignant tumors is a topic of debate among experts, nowadays. Some authors represent that pituitary adenoma has a tendency for hemorrhage and necrosis and frequent invasion of the cavernous sinus. However, most small PitNET/pituitary adenoma do not need any treatment because of benign biologic behavior or less than 5% recurrence after gross total removal. Pituitary apoplexy is also benign nature but has a tendency of cranial nerve compression or panhypopituitarism. Most of cavernous invasion is compression of the cavernous sinus. Aggressive PitNET/pituitary adenoma with malignant biological behavior is less than 1%.
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KEYWORD
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Pituitary gland, Neuroendocrine tumor, Pituitary adenoma
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