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KMID : 1118520230200080758
Psychiatry Investigation
2023 Volume.20 No. 8 p.758 ~ p.767
Moderators of the Association Between Contact Frequency With Non-Cohabitating Adult Children and Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Rho Yu-Jin

Kim Min-Ji
Beon Jung-Eun
Kim Yeo-Jin
Yoon Sun-Woo
Nam You-Jin
Hong Sun-Hwa
Cho Yong-Hyuk
Son Sang-Joon
Hong Chang-Hyung
Roh Hyun-Woong
Abstract
Objective : Contact frequency with adult children plays a critical role in late-life depression. However, evidence on possible moderators of this association remains limited. Moreover, considering alterations in contact modes after the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, there is a need to investigate this association post-pandemic to develop effective therapeutic interventions.

Methods : This study included 7,573 older adults who completed the Living Profiles of the Older People Survey in Korea. Participants¡¯ contact frequency and depressive symptoms were analyzed. Regression analysis was performed after adjusting for covariates. The moderating effects of variables were verified using a process macro.

Results : Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that infrequent face-to-face (odd ratio [OR]=1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.55-2.22) and non-face-to-face contact (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.04-1.45) in the non-cohabitating adult children group was associated with a higher risk of late-life depression compared to that in the frequent contact group. Linear regression analysis indicated consistent results for face-to-face and non-face-to-face contact (estimate=0.458, standard error [SE]=0.090, p<0.001 and estimate=0.236, SE=0.074, p=0.001, respectively). Moderation analysis revealed that the association between late-life depression and frequency of face-to-face contact was moderated by age, household income quartiles, number of chronic diseases, physical activity frequency, presence of spouse, nutritional status, and whether the effect of frequency of non-face-to-face contact on late-life depression was increased by participation in social activity, frequent physical activity, and good cognitive function (p for interaction<0.05).

Conclusion : Frequent contact with non-cohabitating children lowers the risk of depression later in life. Several variables were identified as significant moderators of contact frequency and depression symptoms.
KEYWORD
Depression, Older adults, Non-cohabitating children, Social contact
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