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KMID : 1160620200250030233
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Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
2020 Volume.25 No. 3 p.233 ~ p.245
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Effect of Different Dietary Approaches in Comparison with High/Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Abbasnezhad Amir
Falahi Ebrahim
Gonzalez Michael J.
Kavehi Parivash
Fouladvand Faezeh
Choghakhori Razieh
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Abstract
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Dietary modification is an effective method for preventing and managing hypertension. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of different dietary approaches for comparing high- and low-carbohydrate diets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We carried out a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus without any language and time restrictions until April, 2019. We carried out a meta-analysis using both fixed and random effects models where appropriate and used the I2 index to evaluate heterogeneity. We identified 16 eligible studies, with a total of 1,610 participants. The overall pooled net effect of different dietary approaches on SBP and DBP were ?2.29 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): ?3.49 to ?1.1] and ?1.03 mmHg (95% CI: ?1.77 to ?0.29), respectively, compared with high-carbohydrate diets. Indeed, diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than high-carbohydrate diets, whereas high-protein diets were not effective. Furthermore, we found that different dietary approaches, such as low-fat diets, did not reduce SBP or DBP to a greater extent than low-carbohydrate diets. Overall, the results of our meta-analysis show that diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids are more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than diets high in carbohydrate, whereas other dietary approaches were not effective.
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KEYWORD
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blood pressure, different dietary approaches, high monounsaturated diet, meta-analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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