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KMID : 1204320110270010025
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Laboratory Animal Research
2011 Volume.27 No. 1 p.25 ~ p.28
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Increased Nephrotoxicity after Combined Administration of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Rats
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Park Dong-Sun
Kim Tae-Kyun
Choi Young-Jin
Lee Sun-Hee
Bae Dae-Kwon
Yang Go-Eun
Yang Yun-Hui
Joo Seong-Soo
Choi Ehn-Kyoung
Ahn Byeong-Woo
Kim Jong-Choon
Kim Kil-Soo
Kim Yun-Bae
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Abstract
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Renal toxicity by melamine in combination with cyanuric acid (1:1) was investigated. Male rats were orally administered melamine plus cyanuric acid (5, 50 or 400 ㎎/㎏ each) for 3 days. In contrast to a negligible effect by melamine alone (50 ㎎/㎏, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level: NOAEL), coadministration with cyanuric acid markedly increased the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as kidney weight. A high dose (400 ㎎/㎏) of melamine plus cyanuric acid induced more severe kidney toxicity. The increased blood parameters for kidney toxicity and organ weight lasted longer than 4 days. Combined treatment with melamine and cyanuric acid (50?400 ㎎/㎏ each) resulted in many gold-brown crystals and toxic lesions in renal tubules, which were not observed in animals treated with melamine alone (50 mg/kg). These results indicate that only a 3-day exposure to melamine in combination with cyanuric acid causes severe renal damage, even at a NOAEL for melamine found in a 13-week toxicity study. Therefore, it is suggested that the tolerable daily intake or regulatory/management levels of melamine need to be re-considered for cases of co-exposure with cyanuric acid.
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KEYWORD
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Melamine, cyanuric acid, nephrotoxicity, renal crystal
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