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KMID : 4412620190250010028
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Clinical Hypertension
2019 Volume.25 No. 1 p.28 ~ p.28
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Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationally-representative surveys
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Abstract
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Background: Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups.
Methods: We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35?44?years to 34.9% in ≥55?years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18?24?years to 28.6% in 45?54?years in India, and from 3.8% in 18?24?years to 39.2% in ≥55?years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5?kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65?1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58?1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90?2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index.
Conclusions: Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.
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KEYWORD
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Hypertension, South Asia, BMI, Overweight-obesity, Adiposity, Blood pressure
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