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KMID : 1039620130030040381
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Korean Journal of Family Practice
2013 Volume.3 No. 4 p.381 ~ p.387
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Understanding and Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics in Primary Care
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Cho Doo-Yeoun
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Abstract
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Pharmacogenomics is the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs. Pharmacogenomics allows for more personalized medicine by optimizing pharmacologic treatment for individual patients based on their own genetic makeup. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, the discoveries of genetic infl uence on the development of disease and the response to medicine have increased drastically. Rapid dvances in gene-based diagnostic tests were also achieved. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is responsible for breaking down more than 30 different classes of drugs. Less active or inactive forms of CYP enzymes are unable to break down or liminate drugs from the body and can cause drug overdose in some patients. Transport proteins in the intestinal embrane affect the absorption of drugs, and transporters in the liver and kidney affect the elimination of drugs by controlling drug ransport into or out of cells. Alterations in transporter function may affect the pharmacokinetic disposition of drugs. Therefore, pharmacogenomics will allow patients to determine the right drugs for them, their dosage, and their duration by genotyping before drug treatment. It will also allow drugs to be avoided in patients who are genetically predisposed to a given drug’s adverse effects.
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KEYWORD
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Pharmacogenomics, Individualized Medicine, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Transporter
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