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KMID : 1039620170070010049
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Korean Journal of Family Practice
2017 Volume.7 No. 1 p.49 ~ p.54
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The Relationship between Direct and Indirect Smoking Exposure and Blood Lead and Cadmium Concentrations in Korean Adults: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008?2011
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Kang Dae-Won
Jeong Kwon-Jin
Hwang Yun-Seo
Yang Hui-Ho
Yoo Sun-Mi
Park Seung-Guk
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Abstract
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Background: People can be exposed to heavy metals from various sources, including smoking. However, there have been few reports on exposure to heavy metals through active and secondhand smoking. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in concentration of serum lead and cadmium in nonsmokers, active smokers, and secondhand smokers in Korea.
Methods: The study population included 6,484 adults above the age of 19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008?2011. Smoking status was defined using both a questionnaire and urine cotinine test results, and ex-smokers were excluded from the study. Serum lead and cadmium concentrations in nonsmokers, active smokers, and secondhand smokers were compared, after adjusting for age, sex, occupational class, residential area, body mass index, alcohol intake, and educational level.
Results: Serum lead and cadmium concentrations in smokers were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers and secondhand smokers. Comparison of serum lead and cadmium concentrations in nonsmokers and secondhand smokers did not reveal any significant differences.
Conclusion: Secondhand smoking is not associated with serum lead and cadmium concentration. Further research is needed to include other confounding variables that may affect the serum lead and cadmium levels.
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KEYWORD
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Secondhand Smoke, Heavy Metal, Urine Cotinine
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