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KMID : 1235920110030010007
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Medical Journal of Catholoc University of Daegu
2011 Volume.3 No. 1 p.7 ~ p.12
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
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Hyun Dae-Sung
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Abstract
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Approximately 1/3 of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the vast majority of cases this results in latent not active tuberculosis. The risk of active tuberculosis in patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) varies considerably among general population and there is no way to directly detect the presence of LTBI in an individual patient. Positive results on either a tuberculin skin test or an interferon-γrelease assay in the absence of active tuberculosis establish a diagnosis of LTBI. Those screening test of LTBI is recommended only for population subgroups with a high prevalence of LTBI or those with a high likelihood of disease progression from LTBI to active tuberculosis. Screening test and treatment of LTBI are most beneficial for those who have had contact with a person with active tuberculosis in the previous 2 years, those with increased likelihood of progression from LTBI (HIV infection, patients taking immunosuppressive medications, candidates for anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy, homeless persons, etc.). For patients with LTBI, treatment with isoniazid for 9 months or rifampicin for 4 months are preferred.
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KEYWORD
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Latent, Tuberculosis, Screening, Treatment
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