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KMID : 0043320160390101426
Archives of Pharmacal Research
2016 Volume.39 No. 10 p.1426 ~ p.1432
Structural identification of skin ceramides containing ¥ø-hydroxy acyl chains using mass spectrometry
Wu Zhexue

Shon Jong-Cheol
Kim Jong-Yei
Cho Yun-Hi
Liu Kwang-Hyeon
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) acts as a barrier that protects organisms against the environment and from transepidermal water loss. It consists of corneocytes embedded in a matrix of lipid metabolites (ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids). Of these lipids, ceramides are sphingolipids consisting of sphingoid bases, linked to fatty acyl chains. Typical fatty acid acyl chains are composed of ¥á-hydroxy fatty acids (A), esterified ¥ø-hydroxy fatty acids (EO), non-hydroxy fatty acids (N), and ¥ø-hydroxy fatty acids (O). Of these, O-type ceramides are ester-linked via their ¥ø-hydroxyl group to proteins in the cornified envelope and can be released and extracted following mild alkaline hydrolysis. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of O-type ceramides using chip-based direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry generated the characteristic fragmentation pattern of both acyl and sphingoid units, suggesting that this method could be applied to the structural identification of O-type ceramides. Based on the MS/MS fragmentation patterns of O-type ceramides, comprehensive fragmentation schemes are proposed. In addition, we have also developed a method for identifying and profiling O-type ceramides in the mouse and guinea pig SC. This information may be used to identify O-type ceramides in the SC of animal skin.
KEYWORD
Guinea pig, Mouse, Mass spectrometry, O-type ceramide, Stratum corneum
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