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Evaluation of the liver and biliary system can be accomplished by utilizing clinical laboratory assesment of liver function, biopsy of the liver, radioisotope studies, ultrasound, transhepatic or retrograde cholangiography, angiogaphy, and assessment of the portal system. Outlining of the intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts may be of particular importance in determining the site of biliary obstruction and planning the surgery. P.T.C.(Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography) procedure offers excellent documentation of bile duct obstruction and usually shows nature of obstruction very clearly. A total 171 jaundice patients who were examined by P.T.C. procedure has been presented and analyzed. Biliary stone (43.3%) was the most common disease and other causes were followed by pan crease head cancer (17.5%), cholangioma (7.0%) and others. Value of serum bilirubin, alkaine phosphatase, and cholesterol are more higher value in malignant disease than in benign disease. About 15% of the patient with clinical impression of surgical jaundice were disclosed to be the cases of medical jaundice by P.T.C. procedure. Choledocholithotomy and choledochoduodenostomy were the most commonly undergone operations on benign conditions, and cholecystojejunostomy and percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage procedure upon malginant conditions. Percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage could reduce the incidence of P.T.C. complications, and replace the role of T-tube drainage. Surgical mortality rate is 7.0% and the causes of death were liver failure, acute renal failure, and others.
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