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KMID : 0379220140340040799
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Journal of Korea Gerontological Society
2014 Volume.34 No. 4 p.799 ~ p.819
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The Associations between Sense of Losses and Suicidal Ideation among Elderly Living Alone: Multiple Mediating Effects of Hopelessness and Isolation and Moderating Effects of Spirituality
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Park Bong-Gil
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Abstract
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The aims of this study were (1) to examine hopelessness and isolation as the multiple mediators between sense of losses and suicidal ideation and (2) to test a level of spirituality as moderators of the mediation model in older adults living alone. The study sample consisted of 603 samples of persons 65 years of age and older living alone in Seoul. The samples answered questionnaires to measure suicidal ideation, a sense of losses, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of isolation, and level of spirituality. The results were as follows. Financial losses, loss of health, loss of role, loss of relationship, a sense of hopelessness, the feelings of isolation, and suicidal ideation were higher in older adults living alone with a low level of spirituality than in those with a high level of spirituality. The feelings of hopelessness and the feelings of isolation were a mediator to suicidal ideation. And spirituality had significantly a moderating effect on a path from financial losses to the feelings of isolation, a path from the loss of relationships to a sense of isolations, and a path from a sense of isolations to suicidal ideation as measured by both two groups. The indirect and direct effects on a path from loss of role to suicidal ideation were of opposite sign, signaling "competitive mediation." The sign of this direct effect points to the possible existence of some omitted second mediator that can be pursued in future research. Implications and limitations of the current study are discussed.
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KEYWORD
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older adults living alone , suicidal ideation , sense of loss , hopelessness , isolation , spirituality
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