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KMID : 0379220150350030643
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Journal of Korea Gerontological Society
2015 Volume.35 No. 3 p.643 ~ p.658
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The Effect of Goal Maintenance on Attention of Young and Older Adults
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Kim Sun-Kyoung
Chung Eu-Jin
Lee Hye-Won
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Abstract
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In this study we investigated the effect of goal maintenance on attention (Experimenet 1), and whether the effect of goal maintenance on attention would be different between young and older adults (Experimenet 2). In Experiment 1, we examined how the availability of goal maintenance acts when the young adults perform Stroop task. The level of the availability of goal maintenance was manipulated as upper, middle, and lower by the proportion of trials of the congruent and incongruent conditions in a block. As a result, the Stroop effect increased from the easiest condition of goal maintenance (congruent 20%, incongruent 80%), to middle condition (congruent 50%, incongruent 50%) and increased more to the hardest condition (congruent 80%, incongruent 20%). In Experiment 2, we examined the age difference of the effect of goal maintenance on attention by comparing young and older adults. The result showed that the Stroop effect of older adults was larger than young adults and the degree of increasement of Stroop effect between the lower and upper level of goal maintenance was larger for older adults. It is confirmed that there is an age-related decline in attention and that goal maintenance, the meta-level cognitive control mechanism, can influence attention. More important, we observed an interaction effect between age and goal maintenance on attention. The result that the attention performance of older adults is influenced by goal maintenance more than young adults suggests that the attention of the older adults can be maintained or be improved by the strategy using the goal maintenance, the meta-level cognitive mechanism.
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KEYWORD
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aging , attention , goal maintenance , Stroop effect , older adults , age , cognition
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