Elderly problem from being aging society, especially health problem of the elderly is very serious in many parts of this country. The reason is that most of geriatric disease are chronic and debilitating. The cause of chronic and debilitating disease are bad lifestyle and wrong health habit.
Health is affected by a result of interaction of environment and human being. Because of difference of lifestyle between a city and a farm village, health behavior and health status of urban elderly and rural elderly may be dissimilar.
Thus the purpose of this study was to grasp health behavior and health status, to identify the factors that effect of health status of the elderly.
The subjects for this study, 488 persons aged 60 and over who live in Seoul or Cheonbuk Province. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 19, to Aug. 22, 1996. With complement of questions, main survey was carried out from Sep. 29, to Oco. 10, 1996. The data was analysed by using in SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows.
1. General Characteristics
1) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, Seoulites aged 80 and over were 24.7%, the average age was 73.14 years old and rural residents aged 60-69 were 63.7%, the average age was 68.90 years old. In Seoul, 142 men and 101 women were respondents. In Cheonbuk Province, 101 men and 144 women were answered. In Seoul, those who graduated form elementary school were 35.4%, in farming region, illiteracy persons were 44.9%. In Seoul, 47.7% of respondents had spouse and in farming village, 66.1% of respondents has spouse. 39.0% of respondents who´s income type was independent were Seoulite, and 66.1% of respondents who´s income type was independent were rural residents. Employed persons in Seoul and in rural region were 16.9% and 62.0%,
2. Health Behavior
1) For the health behavior total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant. But the score of individual item was different and statistically significant.
2) For the Seoulites, younger person(p<0.01), the female(p<0.001) showed better health behavior and for the farming village residents, younger person(p<0.01), the female(p<0.01), independent income type(p<0.05), employed person(p<0.05) showed better health behavior.
3. Health Status
1) For the self-rated health status total score, the difference by region was statistically significant and individual item was different and statistically significant. For ADL and IADL total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant, but individual item score was different and statistically significant.
2) For the Seoulites, woman(p<0.05), lower education(p<0.001), independent income type(p<0.05) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For rural residents, woman(p<0.05), lower education(p<0.01), independent income type(p<0.001) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For the Seoul residents, younger person(p<0.001), employed(p<0.05) showed higher score in ADL and IADL, and for the farm area residents, younger person(p<0.001), higher education(p<0.01), having spouse(p<0.001), family type(p<0.01) showed higher score in ADL and IADL.
3) For the Seoulties, drinking(p<0.05), breakfast(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.05) and for the rural residents, drinking(p<0.05), deep sleeping(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.01), washing hands before meal(p<0.01), showed higher score in self-rated health status. For the Seoulites, deep sleeping(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.05) and for the farm village residents, fruit(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001) showed higher score in ADL and IADL.
We carried out study to analyze the effectiveness through education program in short term which was performed to use the special subject activities. This study was conducted on 63 students who were first grade in S Junior High School from Dec. 1995 to Feb. 1996. To analyze the effectiveness, we performed the Pretest, 1st Posttest, and 2nd Posttest for learned health knowledge.
The results were as follows :
1. Most of the students(69.8%) responded that their health were good, and they got the information for health through Mass Com. The students who had experience of health education were 15.9%, and the 77.8% of the respondents needed the health education.
2. The means of health knowledge on tests were 18.2(Pretest), 21.5(1st Posttest), and 21.4(2nd Posttest). Increase of health knowledge between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 10.9%.
3. The mean of differences between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 3.26, it was significant(p<0.01). And the mean of difference between Pretest and 2nd Posttest was 3.19, it was significant(p<0.01);however, the mean of differences between 1st Posttest and 2nd Posttest was not significant(p=0.2514).
4. The significant main contents were Health Facilities(d=0.42), Pregnancy and Labor(d=0.39), Sex Education(d=0.29), Personal Hygiene(d=0.35), Safety Education(d=0.66), and Drug Abuse(d=0.60)(p<0.01).
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