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KMID : 0545120200300040477
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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
2020 Volume.30 No. 4 p.477 ~ p.481
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Potential Health-Promoting Benefits of Paraprobiotics, Inactivated Probiotic Cells
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Akter Shahina
Park Jong-Hyun
Jung Hoo-Kil
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Abstract
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Even though it is wellk nown that probiotics have numerous health benefits, concerns have been raised about the functionality and practical use of such live microorganisms; for example, the viability of probiotic species in feed or food products, their different colonizing patterns and persistence, and the possibility of horizontal gene transfer of a virulence gene from a pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. These concerns and recent studies have proven that even non-viable microorganisms could be beneficial to consumers in a manner similar to their viable counterparts, and have accelerated the use of non-viable probiotic preparations, recently termed “paraprobiotics.” The idea behind using non-viable microbes is to remove the many drawbacks associated with the administration of viable microorganisms. For instance, certain storage requirements are essential for the viability of probiotic microorganisms, because the desired viability of many probiotic microbes can be lost during storage. In probiotics-supplemented feed preparations, the relative proportion of viable and non-viable microorganisms might be varied, and the population of dead cells could be even larger than the viable cells. The ongoing safety concerns regarding the intake of live microorganism cells is increasing, and these concerns have intensified interest in the use of non-viable microbes or microbial cell extracts, as they could drastically reduce shelf-life problems, and eliminate the risks of microbial translocation and infection in the consumer [1]. These issues emphasize the need to explore alternative approaches such as paraprobiotic application. Additionally, current studies have demonstrated that inactivated probiotic microorganisms can also provide us health benefits [2]. Moreover, recent studies have proved that bacterial viability is not a vital requirement for health benefits [3]. Non-viable microbial cells may have safety advantages over live probiotics as they can reduce the risk of microbial translocation, infection, or enhanced inflammatory responses, which have been demonstrated by some probiotics in consumers [1]. Results of recent studies indicate that paraprobiotics impart health benefits to consumers through several methods, such as, modulating the immune system (compounds of the cell wall might boost the immune system), increasing adhesion to intestinal cells (which results in inhibition of pathogens), and secretion of various metabolites [2].
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KEYWORD
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Paraprobiotics, inactivated (non-viable), health benefits, technological feasibilities, biological response modifier
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