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KMID : 0857920170200010007
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Yonsei Journal of Medical History
2017 Volume.20 No. 1 p.7 ~ p.50
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The Making of Medical College System and Medical Education under Japanese Rule, 1916~1945
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Sihn Kyu-Hwan
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Abstract
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Medical education and research under Japanese rule characterize the construction and cracking of medical college system. It was Keijo Medical College(KMC) and Severance Union Medical College(SUMC) that led the construction of the colonial medical college system of the 1910s. KMC built a medical education system based on the medical school affiliated to the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1916. However, there were strict discrimination between Koreans and Japanese, from selection of new students to curriculum, career after graduation, and composition of faculty. This has led to frequent conflicts between students and school authorities. National discrimination in the content of education was also attributed to the research results of colonial medicine. Typically, the department of anatomy and surgery tried to prove the hypothesis that the constitutional anthropology and the blood type anthropology numericalized the racial coefficient of the region of the Korean and the Japanese, and that the Japanese is superior to the Korean.
SUMC tried to secure leadership in higher education, but it was difficult to achieve the results under the Japanese colonialism. In order to avoid being discriminated against in the qualification of doctor, SUMC tried to acquire the Japanese Government-General of Korea and Ministry of Education designated school. As a result, the Japanese department system was introduced, the Japanese curriculum was reorganized, and Japanese professors were recruited. However, SUMC was able to maintain the identity of Koreans and Christian educational institutions thanks to the increase of Korean faculty and Korean graduates. SUMC wanted to lead medical research through the establishment of a research department. The faculty members of the research department have searched for research topics that are relevant to the Korean situation, such as endemic diseases, Korean diet, and traditional Korean medicine, and focused on achieving practical results. This was distinctly different from the KMC`s attempt to pioneer colonial medicine by emphasizing Japanese supremacy as the academic knowledge of imperial medicine and forcing biotic experiments.
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KEYWORD
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Medical Education, Medical College System, Severance Union Medical College, Keijo Medical College, Colonial Medicine
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