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KMID : 0895020020050010037
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Chungnam Journal of Nursing Academy
2002 Volume.5 No. 1 p.37 ~ p.53
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The Relationships between Maternal Attachment Type, Caring Behavior, Child Self Esteem, Perceived Social Support, and Behavioral Problems
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Moon Young-Sook
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Abstract
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The relationship between mother and her children in the early period after birth continuously affects the way of the children to make relationships with other surrounding things, including humans, for the rest of their lives. What emotional relationship infants or children make with a rearer means how attachment is formed between them. It is a potent predictor of the forms of their behavior all through their lives. In this connection, the present explanatory study was conducted for the purpose of understanding the causal structural relationship in which mother’s attachment types and the child caring behaviors affect child’s self-esteem, perceived social support, and behavioral problems. The data collection period was July 2-14, 2001. The subject was 4th, 5th, 6th graders in 8 elementary schools located in Daejoen city and their mothers. 586 surveys were used in the analysis. As for the tools used in this study, the Attachment Scale in Three-Category Model by Harzan and Shaver (1987), and Revised Adult Attachment Scale by Collins and Read (1990) were used to assess the types of mother’s attachment, and Mother’s Child Caring Behavior Scale by Park, Seong-Yeon and Yi, Sook (1990) was used to measure the mother’s behaviors. To measure child’s self-esteem, Self-Esteem Scale by Coopersmith (1967) was used; perceived social supports were measured with the Social Support Evaluation Scale by Dubow and Ullman (1989), and; childhood behavioral problems were measured with the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), standardized into the Korean version by O, Gyung-Ja, Yi, Hye-Ryon, Hong, Gang-Eui, and Ha, Eun-Hye. For the data processing, the frequency and the percentage were calculated, and the analyses of discriminant, variance, correlation, and regression were carried out.
The result of this study is summarized as follows: First, the examination of the effect of mother’s attachment types on the mother’s caring behavior, child’s self-esteem, perceived social support, and behavioral problems shows that significant differences are made by the types of attachment in the positive caring behaviors (p=0.0296), negative caring behaviors (p=0.0001), child’s behavioral problems (the total problems in the child’s behaviors p=0.0005). Second, the examination of the effect of mother’s caring behaviors on the child’s self-esteem, perceived social support, and the child’s behavioral problems shows that significant statistical differences are made by the positive caring behaviors in the child’s self-esteem (p=0.0002), social support perceived by the child (total support p=0.0019), and the child’s behavioral problems (total problems p=0.0022). Besides, significant statistical differences are also made by the negative caring behaviors in the perceived social support (total support p=0.0085) and child’s behavioral problems (total problems p=0.0001). Third, as for the correlations among the child’s self-esteem, perceived social support, and behavioral problems, a significant correlation is revealed between the child’s self-esteem and the perceived social support (r=0.583, p<.001), and both the child’s self-esteem (r=-0.300, p<.001) and the perceived social support (r=-0.214, p<.001) have a significant negative correlation with the child’s behavioral problems. Fourth, as the factors affecting the child’s behavioral problems could be presented mother’s attachment types (stable type p=0.0005, avoiding type p=0.0157), caring behaviors (p=0.0001), child’s self-esteem (p=0.0001), and the social support perceived by the child (p=0.0444).
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KEYWORD
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Maternal attachment, Caring behavior, Child self esteem, Perceived social support, Behavioral problems
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