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KMID : 1011620220380060321
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Korean Journal of Food and Cookey Science
2022 Volume.38 No. 6 p.321 ~ p.331
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Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of unripe black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) extract and ellagic acid via modulation of NF-κB signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
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Lee Su-Jung
Choi Hye-Ran
Kwon Ji-Wung
Kim Yong-Suk
Ryu Tae-Ho
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Abstract
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Purpose: The inflammatory response mediated by activated immune cells is a vital process of the host defense system in response to various stresses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent component in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, is a substance that in duces inflammation in the host’s immune system. This study examines the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of unripe black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, UBR) extracts and ellagic acid in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Methods: Cultured RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with LPS, followed by incubation, with UBR extracts for 24 hr. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed through the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS).
Results: UBR extracts inhibited the production of ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, there was decreased secretion of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, and NF-κB inducible enzymes (COX-2 and iNOS) were also decreased in LPS-stimulated cells treated with UBR extracts. Similarly, exposure to ellagic acid also resulted in a significant reduction in the mRNA expression levels of LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS.
Conclusion: The results of our study suggests that UBR extracts and ellagic acid impart antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of ROS and NO, and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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KEYWORD
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unripe black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis, anti-inflammatory effect, NF-κB, ellagic acid
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