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KMID : 1024220170320040015
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Environmental Health and Toxicology : EHT
2017 Volume.32 No. 4 p.15 ~ p.15
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Causal inference in environmental epidemiology
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Bae Sang-Hyuk
Kim Hwan-Cheol
Ye Byeong-Jin
Choi Won-Jun
Hong Young-Seoub
Ha Mi-Na
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Abstract
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Inferring causality is necessary to achieve the goal of epidemiology, which is to elucidate the cause of disease. Causal inference is conducted in three steps: evaluation of validity of the study, inference of general causality, and inference of individual causality. To evaluate validity of the study, we propose a checklist that focuses on biases and generalizability. For general causal inference, we recommend utilizing Hill’s 9 viewpoints. Lastly, individual causality can be inferred based on the general causality and evidence of exposure. Additional considerations may be needed for social or legal purposes; however, these additional considerations should be based on the scientific truth elucidated by the causal inference described in the present article.
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KEYWORD
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Causality, Epidemiology, Environmental exposure, Validity
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