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KMID : 1038020240320010052
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Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
2024 Volume.32 No. 1 p.52 ~ p.62
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The effects of opium consumption on severity of disease on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in East of Iran, a prospective cohort study
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Abdol Satar Pagheh
Toba Kazemi
Seyed Mohammad Riahi
Mohammad karimi
Moloud Foogerdi
Anahita Arian
Shima Heydari
Mohammad Yousef Ghoddousi
Parisa Vahdati
Mohammad Reza Khazdair
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Abstract
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There are few theories and little empirical evidence about the bilateral impact of substance use and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so a logical and accurate picture of this area is required. We investigated the effects of opium use on severity of disease on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in east of Iran. Demographic and clinical characteristics, vital signs, laboratory tests, mortality rate, type and duration of opium consumption in hospitalized patients who recovered from COVID-19 in the follow-up after 3 months were evaluated. In this study, 60 (20%) participants were the opium user and 251 (80%) were the non-user patients.
Based on clinical symptoms, hypertension and systolic blood pressure in opium user were significantly higher than non-user patients (p < 0.05). In the laboratory tests, only the level of urea was higher in the opium positive group (37 [26.5?48.5] vs. 32 [23?43], respectively) and the percent of lymphocytes were lower in the opium positive (17 [8.2?25.8] vs. 18.7 [13.85?26.35], respectively). The initial therapies of both opium positive and negative infected patients showed not any significant changes (p > 0.05). Among the studied groups, one deceased case with COVID-19 was related to a drug user patient. Although, uses of opium reduced the levels of some risk factors, vital signs at admission and initial therapies during hospitalization in COVID-19 patients but it increased lung and heart diseases. Also, the severity of COVID-19 including hospitalization and mortality were associated with opium consumption.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19, Communicable Diseases, Disease Severity, Papaver somniferum, Opium Poppy
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