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KMID : 1094720220270050765
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Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
2022 Volume.27 No. 5 p.765 ~ p.787
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Albumin: A Multi-talented Clinical and Pharmaceutical Player
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Aziz Ullah
Kwon Hyuk-Taek
Lim Sung-In
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Abstract
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Albumin is one of the copious and important plasma proteins which takes an active part in transporting therapeutic agents, neutralization of toxins, protection from inflammation, and maintenance of colloidal intravascular osmotic pressure. Moreover, the albumin is also involved in modulating the acid-base balance, maintenance of vascular endothelial integrity, and binding to a range of exogenous and endogenous compounds. The binding capability of the albumin helps in the transportation, delivery, and clearance of drugs and compounds outside of the body. Due to the marked biological and biochemical properties, the albumin is used in critical care and other clinical conditions as a plasma volume expander, replacement of fluids and nutrients loss, and restoration of albumin levels in hypoalbuminemic individuals. Clinical and pharmaceutical scientists are studying it rigorously to address various pathological conditions. The use of human serum albumin in the management of diseased conditions still needs to be more clarified which can be done by following the institutional clinical guidelines established after the mutual consensus of the clinical experts belonging to different medical backgrounds. In this review, the evidence-based clinical utilization of the albumin in different pathological conditions like hemorrhagic shock, decompensated liver cirrhosis, sepsis and septic shock, abdominal and cardiac surgery, acute brain injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and Alzheimer’s disease has been discussed. Furthermore, in addition to the role of albumin in cell therapy, the special features of the albumin as a pharmaceutical vehicle like cancer-specific targeting capability, surface modifiability, stealth property, and its use as a formulation stabilizer have been reviewed.
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KEYWORD
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albumin, albumin formulations, clinical trials, pharmaceutical vehicle, albumin rational use, critical care
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