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KMID : 1100720230430060596
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Annals of Laboratory Medicine
2023 Volume.43 No. 6 p.596 ~ p.604
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Comparison of Four T-cell Assays and Two Binding Antibody Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees With or Without Omicron Breakthrough Infection
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Seo Yeon-Ju
Oh In-Seong
Nam Min-Jeong
Shin Sue
Roh Eun-Youn
Song Eun-Young
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Abstract
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Background: Several T-cell response assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are available; however, their comparability and correlations with antibody responses remain unclear. We compared four SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response assays and two anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays.
Methods: We enrolled 89 participants who had received a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine. Fifty-six participants without breakthrough infection (BI) (ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 group: N=27; BNT162b2 group: N=29) and 33 with BI were included. We evaluated two whole-blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) (QuantiFERON and Euroimmun), T-SPOT.COVID, an in-house enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay (targeting the spike and nucleocapsid peptides of wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2), Abbott IgG II Quant, and Elecsys Anti-S, using Mann?Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Spearman’s correlation tests.
Results: The correlations between the IGRAs and between the ELISPOT assays (ρ=0.60?0.70) were stronger than those between the IGRAs and ELISPOT assays (ρ=0.33?0.57). T-SPOT.COVID showed a strong correlation with Omicron ELISPOT (ρ=0.70). The anti-spike antibody assays showed moderate correlations with T-SPOT.COVID, Euroimmun IGRA, and ELISPOT (ρ=0.43?0.62). Correlations tended to be higher in the BI than in the noninfected group, indicating that infection induces a stronger immune response.
Conclusions: T-cell response assays show moderate to strong correlations, particularly when using the same platform. T-SPOT.COVID exhibits potential for estimating immune responses to the Omicron variant. To accurately define SARS-CoV-2 immune status, both T-cell and B-cell response measurements are necessary.
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KEYWORD
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SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant, Cellular immunity, Interferon-gamma release tests, Enzyme-linked immunospot assay, Humoral immunity
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