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KMID : 1101620180290030114
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Perinatology
2018 Volume.29 No. 3 p.114 ~ p.120
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Maternal Smoke during Pregnancy Programs for Bone Disturbance in Offspring
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Cho Geum-Joon
Sim Jae-Young
Kim Sung-Eun
Hong Hye-Ri
Ahn Ki-Hoon
Hong Soon-Cheol
Oh Min-Jeong
Kim Hai-Joong
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Abstract
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Objective: A number of epidemiological studies have reported that smoking causes a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in the risk of bone fracture, and is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Maternal smoking during pregnancy results in a variety of adverse developmental outcomes associated with intrauterine growth restriction. However, little is known about the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on BMD in the offspring.
Methods: Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (1 or 2 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week) (smoke group) or sham exposed (control group) throughout pregnancy. After delivery, nursing dams and offspring were kept together in individual cages. At 4 weeks, the fourth lumbar vertebral body of each offspring was scanned with a micro- computed tomography apparatus. Trabecular parameters including bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume, %), thickness (mm), number (1/mm), and separation (mm) were evaluated. The BMD was also measured.
Results: No differences in the trabecular bone volume fraction, thickness, separation, and number and the BMD were observed between the offspring of the control and 1 cigarette smoking dams. However, trabecular bone volume fraction, thickness, number, and the BMD were significantly lower, whereas trabecular separation was higher in the offspring of 2 cigarette smoking dams compared with those of the offspring from control dams.
Conclusion: Maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased BMD and altered bone microarchitecture in the offspring. These results will become a great source to inform the importance of quitting smoking during pregnancy.
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KEYWORD
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Bone, Cigarette, Pregnancy, Mice
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