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KMID : 1120220200110030112
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Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
2020 Volume.11 No. 3 p.112 ~ p.117
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Detection and Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in Serum, Urine, and Stool Specimens of COVID-19 Patients from the Republic of Korea
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Kim Jeong-Min
Kim Heui-Man
Lee Eun-Jung
Jo Hye-Jun
Yoon Young-Sil
Lee Nam-Joo
Son Jun-Seock
Lee Ye-Ji
Kim Mi-Seon
Lee Yong-Pyo
Chae Su-Jin
Park Kye-Ryeong
Cho Seung-Rye
Park Se-Hee
Kim Su-Jin
Wang Eun-Byeol
Woo Sang-Hee
Lim A-Ram
Park Su-Jin
Jang Jun-Hyeong
Chung Yoon-Seok
Chin Bum-Sik
Lee Jin-Soo
Lim Duk-O
Han Myung-Guk
Yoo Cheon-Kwon
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Abstract
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Objectives: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection characterized by the main symptoms of pneumonia and fever. It is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to spread via respiratory droplets. We aimed to determine the rate and likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from COVID-19 patients through non-respiratory routes.
Methods: Serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 74 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was extracted from each specimen and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed. CaCo-2 cells were inoculated with the specimens containing the SARS-COV-2 genome, and subcultured for virus isolation. After culturing, viral replication in the cell supernatant was assessed.
Results: Of the samples collected from 74 COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 serum, urine, or stool samples. The virus detection rate in the serum, urine, and stool samples were 2.8% (9/323), 0.8% (2/247), and 10.1% (13/129), and the mean viral load was 1,210 ± 1,861, 79 ± 30, and 3,176 ± 7,208 copy/μL, respectively. However, the SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated by the culture method from the samples that tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 gene.
Conclusion: While the virus remained detectable in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients for several days after hospitalization, its detection in the serum, urine, and stool samples was intermittent. Since the virus could not be isolated from the SARS-COV-2-positive samples, the risk of viral transmission via stool and urine is expected to be low.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, transmission
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