KMID : 1134220120320040219
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Hanyang Medical Reviews 2012 Volume.32 No. 4 p.219 ~ p.226
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Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
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Hahm Jong-Ryeal
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Abstract
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Autoimmune thyroid disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg), and the thyroid simulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The thyroid gland is a site of autoantibody secretion in autoimmune thyroid disease by the B cells infiltrated into the thyroid. Hashimoto¡¯s thyroiditis, a chronic autoimmune thyroid disease, characterized by the occurrence of high levels of serum thyroid antibodies for TPO and Tg and goiter, is the most common type of thyroiditis. A firm, diffuse, painless goiter is the most common initial finding in Hashimoto¡¯s thyroiditis. Some patients have atrophic thyroid glands rather than goiter, which may represent the final stage of thyroid failure in Hashimoto¡¯s thyroiditis. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for Hashimoto¡¯s thyroiditis presenting overt hypothyroidism. Patients with Hashimoto¡¯s thyroiditis and a thyroid nodule should undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy to rule out lymphoma and thyroid carcinoma. Graves¡¯ disease is the most common cause of spontaneous hyperthyroidism in patients younger than 40 years of age. Patients with Graves¡¯ disease reveal heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltration without follicular destruction and also show various clinical presentations.
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KEYWORD
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Hashimoto Disease, Graves Disease, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune
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