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KMID : 1156220190450060638
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
2019 Volume.45 No. 6 p.638 ~ p.645
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Evaluation of Distribution and Inflammatory Effects of Airborne Fungus in Korea
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Yoon Won-Suck
Lim Jae-Hoon
Kim Dasarang
Kim Seung-Hyun
Lee Hyo-Sun
Kim Chae-Bong
Kang Ju-Wan
Lee Keun-Hwa
Lee Keun-Hwa
Oh In-Bo
Kim Yang-Ho
Seo Jeong-Wook
Hong Young-Seoub
Yoo Young
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Abstract
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Objectives: For the risk management of airborne fungal diseases, our aim was to evaluate airborne fungi and study the toxicity associated with fungal allergic diseases using fungal species native to Korea.
Methods: Fungi were isolated from outdoor air samples collected from Seoul, Incheon, Cheonan, Gwangju, Ulsan, Busan, and Jeju and tested for their cytotoxicity potential and their ability to induce proliferation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in human mast cells (HMC-1).
Results: More than 18 species of fungi were collected from outdoor air in Korea over one year, and the strains were identified and systematically analyzed. The results showed that the Cladosporium (59%) and Alternaria (22%) strains are the most common in outdoor air. Three of the collected strains (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Penicillium) showed mild toxicity in cells involved in allergic inflammation, and twelve induced cell proliferation in HMC-1 cells. More importantly, many strains (Edgeworthia, Trametes, Emmia, Irpex, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Periconia, Epicocum, Bipolaris) induced the MDC protein in activated HMC-1 cells.
Conclusion: Nineteen percent of the tested strains caused cytotoxicity in mast cell lines, whereas, most of the non-toxic strains contributed to cell activity. Among the tested strains, more than 80% increased the expression of MDC protein, which contributes to the severity of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. It is, in fact, one of the markers for these conditions. Therefore, airborne fungus could be considered as an important marker for environmental risk management for allergic diseases in Korea.
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KEYWORD
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Airborne fungus, Allergy, Fungal diversity, Toxicity
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