KMID : 1204320190350010019
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Laboratory Animal Research 2019 Volume.35 No. 1 p.19 ~ p.19
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Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroglia activation and NF-¥êB activation in cerebral cortex of adult mice
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Kang Ju-Bin
Park Dong-Ju Shah Murad-Ali Kim Myeong-Ok Koh Phil-Ok
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Abstract
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as an endotoxin, releases inflammatory cytokines, and promotes an inflammatory response in various tissues. This study investigated whether LPS modulates neuroglia activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-¥êB)-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Adult male mice were divided into control animals and LPS-treated animals. The mice received LPS (250?¥ìg/kg) or vehicle via an intraperitoneal injection for 5 days. We confirmed a reduction of body weight in LPS-treated animals and observed severe histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, we elucidated increases of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress levels in LPS-treated animals. LPS administration led to increases of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Iba-1 and GFAP are well accepted as markers of activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively. Moreover, LPS exposure induced increases of NF-¥êB and pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1¥â (IL-1¥â) and tumor necrosis factor-¥á (TNF-¥á). Increases of these inflammatory mediators by LPS exposure indicate that LPS leads to inflammatory responses and tissue damage. These results demonstrated that LPS activates neuroglial cells and increases NF-¥êB-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Thus, these findings suggest that LPS induces neurotoxicity by increasing oxidative stress and activating neuroglia and inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex.
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KEYWORD
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Lipopolysaccharide, Neuroinflammation, Nuclear factor kappa B, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species
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