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KMID : 1225720180100010043
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Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research : AAIR
2018 Volume.10 No. 1 p.43 ~ p.51
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Respiratory Function and Symptoms Post Cold Air Exercise in Female High and Low Ventilation Sport Athletes
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Kennedy Michael D.
Faulhaber Martin
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Abstract
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Purpose: Cold weather exercise is common in many regions of the world; however, it is unclear whether respiratory function and symptom worsen progressively with colder air temperatures. Furthermore, it is unclear whether high-ventilation sport background exacerbates dysfunction and symptoms.
Methods: Seventeen active females (measure of the maximum volume of oxygen [VO2max]: 49.6±6.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed on different days in random order 5 blinded running trials at 0℃, -5℃, -10℃, -15℃, and -20℃ (humidity 40%) in an environmental chamber. Distance, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured within each trial; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% (FEF25-75), and forced expiratory flow at 50% (FEF50) were measured pre- and post-test (3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Respiratory symptoms and global effort were measured post-test spirometry.
Results: Mean decreases were found in FEV1 (4%-5% at 0℃, -5℃, -10℃, and -15℃; 7% at -20℃). FEF25-75 and FEF50 decreased 7% and 11% at -15℃ and -20℃, respectively. Post-exertion spirometry results were decreased most at 3 to 6 minutes, recovering back to baseline at 20 minutes. Respiratory symptoms and global effort significantly increased at -15℃ and -20℃ with decreased heart rate. High-ventilation sports decreased function more than low-ventilation participants but had fewer symptoms.
Conclusions: These results indicate that intense exercise at cold air temperatures up to -20℃ is achievable; however, greater effort along with transient acute bronchoconstriction and symptoms of cough after exercising in temperatures colder than -15℃ are likely. It is recommended that individuals cover their mouth and reduce exercise intensity to ameliorate the effects of cold weather exercise.
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KEYWORD
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Exercise-induced asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, cold climate, cough, extreme environments, spirometry
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